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Introduction: Animals and their parts have been used as an important source in the traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, and folklore. The present study was aimed to document the medicinal uses of animals and animal products used by the inhabitants of Tiruppur District, Tamil Nadu. Materials and Methods: A medico ethnobotanical survey was conducted from December 2017 to December 2020 in order to collect the information on the animals and their parts used in the treatment of various ailments by both tribal and non-tribal inhabitant of Tiruppur District, Tamil nadu. The documentation was done by conducting face-to-face interview with the informants such as traditional medicinal practitioners, folk healers, and indigenous with their prior consent. Results: 67 people were interviewed and the therapeutic values of 28 animals and their products used in the treatment of various ailments such as dermatological infection/diseases, hemorrhoides, skeleto-muscular system disorder, respiratory system diseases, genito-urinary ailments, etc. were recorded and documented with their tamil name, zoological name, family, part used, mode of administration, and ailments treated. Conclusion: The present study revealed that, though the inhabitants possess the traditional knowledge to use animal products for various diseases, currently very few are in practice for their primary health care needs.

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Background: Mimosa pudica is a creeping, diffuse, prickly undershrub of genus mimosa, native to tropical America which is also scattered along tropical and subtropical parts of India. It is well known as a sensitive plant, shame plant, touch-me-not, humble plant, shyness princess, and sleeping plant by virtue of rapid leaf movements in response to touch. Aim: The intention of this research was to investigate the morphological, micro anatomical, powder microscopy, proximate, and phytochemical analysis in whole plant of M. pudica. Materials and Methods: The investigation on macroscopy, microscopy, and physiochemical and phytochemical analyses were implemented using standard methods. Results: This study divulged unique macroscopical and anatomical characters present in the whole plant of M. pudica. The powder microscopy revealed the presence of trichomes, paracytic stomata, starch grains, prismatic crystals, mucilage, and brownish content. The quantitative microscopy performed in epidermal peelings of leaf quantified the epidermal number, stomatal number, stomatal index, and palisade ratio which determine its quality and purity. The proximate analysis performed was within the specific limits. The phytochemical analysis identifies different phytoconstituents in n-hexane and ethyl acetate extract. Further quantitative estimation disclosed that the total quercetin equivalent in 1 g of ethyl acetate extract of M. pudica was to be 13.39 mg and 27.5 mg of total β-sitosterol equivalent in n-hexane extract of M. pudica. Conclusion: This research concludes the assessment in whole plant of M. pudica by pharmacognostical, physiochemical, and phytochemical estimation for its identification and confirmation of species epithet from adulterated, substituted, or similar distant group species such as Albizia julibrissin, Acacia dealbata, Neptunia gracilis, and Mimosa tenuiflora.

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Karuppai Naarthasai Kattigal (uterine fibroids) are benign tumors arising from the smooth muscles of the uterus. This study focuses over a case report of a patient with Karuppai Naarthasai Kattigal (uterine fibroids) treated with a classical Siddha drug, Rasagandhi Mezhugu (RGM) from the literature reference Pulippani Vaithiyam-500, for a period of 90 days, after receiving the informed consent, and the outcome was documented. A 40-year-old woman with a heavy menstrual bleeding, frequent urination, abdominal cramps, and bloating of abdomen often for 6 months and intermenstrual bleeding for 2 years was screened through an ultrasonogram, suspecting uterine fibroids. After Siddha clinical assessment and diagnosis, RGM was administered for a period of 90 days with 15 days drug holiday after 45 days of treatment. Later the treatment outcomes were measured and the patient is followed up for 6 months. This study reveals the outcome of the treatment of Karuppai Naarthasai Kattigal with RGM and the prognosis of the patient is calculated with, symptomatic improvement, reduction in size of fibroid and changes in pictorial blood assessment chart score from baseline visit to final visit and reduction in clinical symptoms of the patient by using uterine fibroid quality-of-life questionnaire, and the data were recorded.

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Introduction: Siddha medicine is an ancient system and it is based on holistic health principles with main aim on preventive health care. Goal of public health is to improve health outcomes by preventing disease, promoting behaviors that reduce the risk of communicable and non-communicable diseases, and ensure the public access to quality health services. Swasthya Rakshan Programme (SRP) is a nationwide program to propagate Ayush systems. The purpose of the program is to promote health and health education in villages. The objective of this study is to develop a morbidity profile of the patients attending the SRP for further research in the particular area. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study has been done in the outreach outpatient department (OPD) and the data were collected from the old records maintained in the Statistical and Survey Division, Department of Clinical Research, Siddha Central Research Institute from April 2017 to March 2020. This record contains the demographic data, socioeconomic status, literacy, and diseases follow-up with diseases codes in the Ayapakkam, Mangadu, and Vanagaram villages in Tamil Nadu, India. Results: Totally 5409 cases who were attending the SRP OPDs from April 2017 to March 2020 have been included in the study. These patients have been repeatedly visiting the Siddha OPD for various illnesses. The women were seeking the Siddha treatment more than the male with Female-1114 cases, Male-553 cases, Female children-42 cases, Male children-29 cases. The diseases have been classified as per the National Siddha Morbidity codes in National Ayush Morbidity standardized terminologies Electronic Portal (NAMASTE Portal). The topmost category of diseases is musculo skeletal diseases and osteo arthritis (41%). diabetes mellitus (10%), cough (8%), and eczema (8%) are the diseases which have a greater number of cases. Conclusion: The success of a public health program depends on the public need. The more revisits of the patients show good response of the Siddha medicine. Hence this morbidity profile shows that there is a great need among the public toward the traditional medicines particularly Siddha medicine and it has been achieved to some extent through SRP program.

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Background: Theeneer or medicinal herbal distillates are simple and effective formulations used in Siddha medicine, which are promising both as a health promoter and as a medicine for a wide range of clinical manifestations. Traditional quality parameters (TQPs) pertaining to Siddha herbal distillates are much more reliable for pre-assessment of its therapeutic potential. The organoleptic characterization such as Niram (color), manam (odor), suvai (taste), and Theeneer ennai (volatile matter) are the factors of TQP, which govern the therapeutic outcome of a distillate. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop organoleptic grading standards of classical herbal distillate Oma Theeneer (OT) and to assess the batch variations of OT using grading. Materials and Methods: A provisional reference standard sample of herbal distillate OT was prepared from three identical batches each in traditional and glass still with the same operational settings. It was graded based on clarity, color, odor, taste, and volatile tinge to specify the best possible quality made. The grading was assessed with batches of OT study samples prepared as per the standard operating procedures (SOPs) of textual, traditional, and pharmaceutical references to compare its quality. Results and Conclusion: With organoleptic grading, the high-quality distillate was identified from the study samples. OT study sample prepared in traditional apparatus was having superior quality and hence a scoring based on the observation and the maximum ideal score was taken as 15. Those prepared as per the textual approach had a high indexing score of 14/15, followed by traditional (12/15), and pharmaceutical SOP (9/15). Appropriate quality scoring as per the organoleptic grading helps to improve batch processing and standardization of the formula. Standardization may include organoleptic grading for maximum outcome.

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